APA Citation Guide (APA 7th Edition): When Information Is Missing

Start your citation with the title, followed by date and source information.

Example - Articles and other sources that are part of a larger work:

Get on board for train safety. (2012, June 17). Toronto Star, A14.

Example - Book and other standalone works:

Introduction to food science. (2018). ABC Press.

(Title, Year)

Example - Newspaper Article:

("Get on Board," 2012)

Example - Book:

(Introduction to Food Science, 2018)

Write n.d. where you would normally provide the date.

Example:

Seneca College. (n.d.). Seneca's art collection. https://www.senecacollege.ca/collection/

(Author, n.d.)

Example:

(Seneca College, n.d.)

In square brackets, describe the work that you are citing.

Example:

Vividata. (2018). [Potato chips - personally ate in the past 6 months for all respondents 14+ in Ontario]. http://library.senecacollege.ca/res/vividata.html

(Author, Year)

Example:

(Vividata, 2018)

If you don't have a source, consider searching for a work which supports the information you are including in your assignment or essay.

You may also cite the information as personal communication if your source is a personal interview,