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History: Locate primary sources - U.S. History

Examples of primary source collections

Primary sources are sometimes republished at later dates. These are edited collections of primary source materials published more recently, with annotations/commentary from modern scholars.

What is a Primary Source?

This U.S. Treasury Guards Flag decorated the front of President Lincoln's box at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C., April 14th, 1865, the night of his assassination.

"A primary source is the testimony of an eyewitness, or of a witness by any other of the senses, or of a mechanical device like the dictaphone — that is, of one who or that which was present at the events of which he or it tells" [Gottschalk, Understanding History, 53]

They can be firsthand testimony, evidence created during the time period that you are studying, or autobiographical works written later by someone present at the time. They include diaries, letters, interviews, oral histories, photographs, newspaper articles, government documents, poems, novels, plays, and music.  The collection and analysis of primary sources is central to historical research.

Start Here

Use the terms below in conjunction with your topic to locate primary sources in the History OneSearch. You'll find published collections of documents & letters, diaries, maps, newspapers and more.

sources          journals       
personal narratives interviews
correspondence sermons
letters documents
diaries papers
images or photographs advertising
maps  

Resources

American Archive of Public Broadcasting - 40,000 hours of public radio and television programming, 1940s to the 21st century; click link to search or browse the collection

Digital Book Index - "provides links to more than 165,000 full-text digital books from more than 1800 commercial and non-commercial publishers, universities, and various private sites. More than 140,000 of these books, texts, and documents are available free."  Massive subject index provides access to numerous history-related titles with publication dates starting in the 1400s.

Digital Public Library of America - a portal to millions of openly available digitized materials from America’s libraries, archives, and museums.

Library of Congress - American Memory - written and spoken words, sound recordings, still and moving images, prints, maps, and sheet music that document the American experience. Also historical newspapers at https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/ and additional images are available at http://www.loc.gov/pictures/

Miller Center - The Presidencyspeeches, oral histories, secret White House tapes. Many are placed in context in topic pages.

National Archives - Online Public Access - scanned documents, photographs, motion picture film or video, audio recordings, maps and drawings, and more.  Includes a search tool for over a dozen presidential libraries starting with Herbert Hoover.  A listing of older presidential libraries is available here: http://www.lincolnlibraryandmuseum.com/presidential-libraries.htm

Our Documents - 100 milestone documents and supporting materials. A cooperative effort among National History Day, The National Archives and Records Administration, and USA Freedom Corps.

Google Books - hundreds of thousands of digitized public domain books.  Use Advanced Search to limit your search to 'Google eBooks Only' published within the time period of your topic.  Alternately search using the Internet Archive, which uploads titles and adds subject headings and text searching capability.

Google Cultural Institute:

  • Black History and Culture: "thousands of artworks, artifacts and stories from cultural organizations across the United States."
  • Women in Culture: "Celebrating women's impact on culture throughout the world."  Exhibits of documents and photographs from the National Park Service, the National Women’s History Museum, and more.

Hanford History Project Collections - photographs, oral histories, WWII era Richland Weekly Bulletin and the project Documenting African American Migration, Segregation, and Civil Rights History at Manhattan Project National Historical Park (MAPR), Hanford.

HathiTrust - digitized books and journal content.  Considerable overlap with Google Books as they import any content that meets their rights determination process.  Search capability combines full text searching with author, title, and Library of Congress subject heading.

Singer, Carol. Internet Sites with Primary Sources for U.S. History. Bowling Green State University. LibGuide with "a collection of pages that include primary sources for the study of U.S. history" arranged by century, State, and more.

Documenting the American South. "Internet access to texts, images, and audio files related to southern history, literature, and culture. Currently DocSouth includes sixteen thematic collections of books, diaries, posters, artifacts, letters, oral history interviews, and songs." University Library, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Encyclopedia Virginia - "A project of the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities (VFH) in partnership with the Library of Virginia, EV publishes topical and biographical entries written by scholars, edited to be accessible to a general audience, and vigorously fact checked. Entries are accompanied by primary documents and media objects, including images, audio and visual clips, and links to Google Street View tours of historic sites."

The Real Rosie the Riveter Project - Oral histories of 48 women who entered the workforce during World War II "hired for positions that had up until that time been defined as “men’s jobs” in basic industries: automobiles, shipbuilding, aircraft manufacturing, electrical equipment manufacture, and transportation."

Salem Witch Trials Documentary Archive and Transcription Project - from Benjamin Ray and The University of Virginia.

University of Washington Digital Collections - rare and unique photographs, maps, newspapers, posters, reports and other media. U.S. History collections include Alaska, Western Canada and United States Collection, American Indians of the Pacific Northwest, Grand Coulee Dam Construction, 1933-1942 and much more.

WSU Libraries Digital Collections provide access to the academic and cultural heritage of Washington State and the Palouse Region.

History Reference Center - offers speeches and other historical documents, photos, maps and video (in addition to numerous secondary sources). Although you can limit to 'primary  source documents' there are also many documents republished in 'reference books' in the database, especially the Defining Documents series.

Issues and Controversies in history - Topic areas present a controversy or decision point in history, with discussion articles (secondary) accompanied by relevant primary sources.

Archives Unbound - The Civil War in words and deeds - regimental histories and personal narratives, 1860-65.

eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - volumes of letters, speeches, personal narratives, diaries and other primary sources in American history.  Some titles:

  • Debating the Issues in Colonial Newspapers : Primary Documents on Events of the Period
  • Freedom's Journey : African American Voices of the Civil War
  • Lincoln Assassination Conspirators : Their Confinement and Execution, As Recorded in the Letterbook of John Frederick Hartranft
  • Notable Speeches in Contemporary Presidential Campaigns
  • Nuclear Reactions : Documenting American Encounters with Nuclear Energy
  • Presidents from Taylor Through Grant, 1849-1877 : Debating the Issues in Pro and Con Primary Documents
  • The Progressive Era : Primary Documents on Events From 1890 to 1914
  • Women and Slavery in America : A Documentary History
  • Series: Voices of the Civil War (9 volumes of letters, diaries and memoirs)
  • Series: Defining Documents in American History:
    • Exploration and Colonial America (1492-1755)
    • The American Revolution (1754-1805)
    • Civil War (1860-1865)
    • Reconstruction Era : (1865-1877)
    • The Emergence of Modern America (1874-1917)
    • World War I (1914-1919)
    • The 1920s (1920-1929)
    • The 1930s (1930-1939)
    • World War II (1939-1946)
    • Civil Rights : (1954-2015)
    • Native Americans (1451-2017)

Gale Virtual Reference Library

JSTOR - 175 journals in the archival collection Arts & Sciences I, some with issues back to the 1800s. A primary source if you are studying the era when the issue was published, otherwise a secondary source. Ebooks and open access collections also provide primary sources (ex. REVEAL Digital has alt-press periodicals from the late 20th C in their Independent Voices collection).

America's Historic Newspapers - American Antiquarian Society collected periodicals from 1770s through 1900+

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